Actions are taken to switch off power supplies to scam operations across the Thai-Myanmar border at the Provincial Electricity Authority headquarters in Bangkok, Thailand on February 5, 2025. Photo: IC

Editor's Note:

The problems of telecommunication fraud, illegal online gambling and other cybercrimes have posed a serious threat to China and Southeast Asian countries. To address these common transnational crime challenges, it is imperative that China and Southeast Asian countries strengthen cooperation. The Global Times gathers the viewpoints of experts from four regional countries to discuss the significance of regional cooperation in combating cybercrimes and what can be done to further enhance cooperation.


Korn Dabbaransi, former deputy prime minister of Thailand and current president of the Thai-Chinese Friendship Association

For a long time, China and Thailand have been good neighbors, close relatives and trusted partners bound by mutual respect, a commitment to mutual assistance, deep understanding and a shared vision for the future.

According to the latest China-Thailand joint statement on advancing comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership, the two sides will continue discussions in order to identify appropriate coordinating mechanisms to effectively combat telecommunication fraud and illegal online gambling at an early date. Both sides agreed to participate more actively in the "Safe Mekong Operation," and jointly promote cooperation in the field of justice process among Mekong-Lancang countries, to ensure the safety of people's lives and property in the region.

This joint statement reflects the latest official cooperation between the Chinese and Thai governments to eradicate all illegal and gray businesses in Thailand and along the borders of Thailand. 

Tourism is one of Thailand's pillar industries. Since the implementation of the permanent visa-free policy between Thailand and China last March, the number of Chinese tourists has grown rapidly. To restore the confidence of Chinese tourists, and to clarify any doubts or concerns, I believe the Ministry of Tourism of Thailand should actively communicate information regarding tourism safety and positive news about Thailand to all Chinese visitors.

Lucio Blanco Pitlo III, president of the Philippine Association for Chinese Studies

Whether fighting terrorism, drugs, or online gambling and fraud, law enforcement cooperation serves the interests of both the Philippines and China. Combatting transnational crimes is a practical area of cooperation. It provides an opportunity to work together despite differences. It shows the depth of the relationship and the ability of both sides to compartmentalize - making strides in non-contentious and mutually beneficial aspects of bilateral ties, while trying to stabilize flashpoints and avoid conflict. 

Under the Ferdinand Marcos Jr government, dismantling online casinos and scam hubs presents a new facet of non-traditional security cooperation. Last December, Manila finally banned the controversial Philippine Offshore Gaming Operators (POGOs), a move welcomed by Beijing. A Senate inquiry was launched, and raids were conducted. Steps are being taken to ensure that these outlawed virtual casinos cannot continue to operate by going underground or moving to "guerrilla" operations.

Enhanced border security, information exchange, sharing of best practices and joint investigation can help dismantle online gambling and the infrastructure that supports it. China cooperated with other ASEAN countries, including Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand, in conducting sweeps against online casinos and scam factories. Sharing a watch list can alert ASEAN immigration agencies. Following the money trail, which has become difficult with cryptocurrency and complex laundering schemes, demands coordination between police and financial regulatory authorities of various countries. 

The Philippines and China are collaborating to repatriate Chinese nationals caught working in these gambling and scam parks, ensuring the trafficking victims receive proper assistance and charges are filed against the masterminds. In 2023, law enforcement cooperation led to the closure of five POGO hubs and the deportation of nearly 1,000 Chinese nationals. Last December, nearly 200 Chinese citizens were rescued and sent home. More can be done in the fight against this scourge. Uprooting the networks that abet these operations requires a strong top-level partnership.

Humprey Arnaldo Russel, head of the ASEAN-China Research Center at the School of Strategic and Global Studies, University of Indonesia

In my view, cooperation between China and Southeast Asian countries, particularly Indonesia, in addressing non-traditional security challenges such as cybercrimes, telecom fraud and other transnational crimes has significantly contributed to regional security and stability. This collaboration has also strengthened diplomatic relations between China and Indonesia.

The primary value of China's cooperation with Southeast Asian countries, especially ASEAN members, in establishing a common security framework lies in its contribution to regional stability, economic resilience and diplomatic confidence-building. This partnership enhances ASEAN's collective ability to address transnational security threats while fostering a stable and predictable security environment. For instance, cooperation in combating cybercrimes, terrorism and transnational criminal activities plays a crucial role in reducing security risks across the region. Additionally, joint security mechanisms - such as coordinated law enforcement operations - strengthen the capacity of Southeast Asian nations to respond effectively to emerging threats.

This framework enhances regional stability in three key ways. First, preventing security threats - cooperation in counterterrorism, cybersecurity and maritime security helps mitigate risks before they escalate. Second, strengthening institutions and policies - ministerial-level meetings facilitate harmonized security policies and a coordinated regional response. Third, commitment to peace - strengthened security ties reinforce China and ASEAN's shared dedication to maintain regional stability.

Security cooperation between China and Indonesia can serve as a model for other Southeast Asian countries: China-Indonesia security collaboration encompasses a broad spectrum of security issues, making it adaptable for other ASEAN countries facing similar challenges. Their collaboration in addressing non-traditional security threats, such as cybercrimes, telecom fraud, human trafficking and maritime security, demonstrates that regional partnerships can enhance security and stability.

The cooperation fosters mutually beneficial security arrangements, providing a blueprint for ASEAN nations seeking effective security strategies while maintaining regional sovereignty and diplomatic neutrality. The future of security cooperation between China and Southeast Asian countries, particularly Indonesia, is expected to deepen, with a focus on non-traditional security threats.

Kin Phea, director general of the International Relations Institute of the Royal Academy of Cambodia

With the swift digital transformation in Southeast Asia, cyber threats have become a significant challenge for governments, companies and individuals. Cybercrimes, which include financial fraud, hacking, online scams and cyberterrorism, threaten economic stability and national security. Considering China's technological capabilities and its strong ties with ASEAN countries, enhanced cybersecurity collaboration is crucial for creating a more secure digital environment. 

A number of important sectors require concentrated teamwork. First, prioritizing policy coordination and legal alignment is essential. The global nature of cybercrimes necessitates coordinated regulations, mutual legal assistance agreements and efficient extradition procedures. While China possesses a robust cybersecurity framework, many ASEAN countries still require more effective laws and enforcement strategies. Enhancing legal collaboration, such as agreements on digital forensics and the sharing of electronic evidence, will improve cyber governance and deter criminals from exploiting jurisdictional loopholes.

Second, collaboration in cybercrime law enforcement needs to be broadened. Cybercriminal groups exploit ineffective enforcement systems, particularly in nations with scarce cybersecurity capabilities. Forming a regional cyber task force would enable China and ASEAN countries to conduct cross-border investigations, exchange real-time threat intelligence and collaborate on cybercrime enforcement efforts. The achievements of China-Cambodia initiatives targeting online fraud networks exemplify a framework for wider regional cooperation. Moreover, executing collaborative cybersecurity exercises will enhance readiness for new cyber threats.

Third, developing capacity and sharing technology are essential. Many ASEAN countries are deficient in skilled cybersecurity experts and sophisticated digital infrastructure. China, as a worldwide leader in AI-enhanced cybersecurity, can assist the area via tailored training initiatives, technology exchanges as well as collaborations between the public and private sectors. Collaborative investigation into new dangers, including AI-driven cyberattacks and deepfake deception, will enhance regional resilience even more.

Through promoting strategic collaboration, China and Southeast Asia can build a safe and robust digital future, guaranteeing economic stability, trust and regional security in the digital age.